Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoa among Saudi Patients with Chronic Renal Failure: A Case-Control Study

Table 5

The clinical characteristics variations among Giardia  duodenalis positive/negative diarrheal cases and controls.

Clinical characters	Giardia  duodenalis-positive					Giardia  duodenalis-negative
	Cases		Controls		value	Cases		Controls		value
		%		%			%		%
Diarrhea
<14 days	3	60%	6	100%	0.18 (NS)	37	82.2%	44	100%	0.006 (Sig)
>14 days	2	40%	0	0%		8	17.8%	0	0%
Mucous/blood
Yes	0	0%	1	16.7%	1.0 (NS)	6	13.3%	2	4.5%	0.26 (NS)
No	5	100%	5	83.3%		39	86.7%	42	95.5%
Abdominal pain
Yes	5	100%	5	83.3%	1.0 (NS)	45	100%	34	77.3%	0.00 (HS)
No	0	0%	1	16.7%		0	0%	10	22.7%
Nausea/vomiting
Yes	4	80%	5	83.3%	1.0 (NS)	10	22.2%	12	27.3%	0.62 (NS)
No	1	20%	1	16.7%		35	77.8%	32	72.7%
Bloating/flatulence
Yes	5	100%	5	83.3%	1.0 (NS)	29	64.4%	11	25%	0.000 (HS)
No	0	0%	1	16.7%		16	35.6%	33	75%
Fatigue
Yes	5	100%	6	100%	—	45	100%	12	27.3%	0.000 (HS)
No	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	32	72.7%
Loss of weight
Yes	0	0%	1	16.7%	1.0 (NS)	6	13.3%	5	11.4%	1.0 (NS)
No	5	100%	5	83.3%		39	86.7%	39	88.6%
Total	5	100%	6	100%		45	100%	44	100%

: number, NS: nonsignificant, Sig: significant, and HS: highly significant. .