Impact of Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum Parasitaemia on Maternal Anaemia and Low Birth Weight in Blue Nile State, Sudan

Table 3

Risk factors for low birth weight in Sudanese women using univariate and logistic regression analyses.

Characteristics	N (%) of the total	Low birth weight N (%)	Univariate analyses		Logistic regression analyses
			OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
Site of collection
Ed-Dmazen Hospital	59 (13.2)	7 (11.9)	1.1 (0.5–2.5)	0.744	0.9 (0.3–2.1)	0.858
El-Roseures Hospital	103 (23.0)	9 (8.7)	1.6 (0.6–3.9)	0.301	0.9 (0.3–2.6)	0.971
Surgical complex	285 (63.8)	22 (7.7)	Reference		Reference
Age, years	29.9 (4.5)	26.5 (3.3)	0.9 (0.9–1.0)	0.539	0.9 (0.8–1.0)	0.571
Gravidity	3.3 (1.9)	3.7 (1.8)	0.9 (0.8–1.1)	0.788	1.0 (0.7–1.3)	0.921
Residence
Rural	363 (81.2)	31 (8.5)	1.0 (0.4–2.4)	0.951	1.1 (0.4–2.8)	0.805
Urban	84 (18.8)	7 (8.3)	Reference		Reference
Education
<secondary level	313 (70.0)	29 (9.3)	1.4 (0.6–3.0)	0.461	0.9 (0.3–2.4)	0.976
≥secondary level	134 (30.0)	9 (6.7)	Reference		Reference
Antenatal care visits
Not attended	333 (74.5)	19 (5.7)	3.3 (1.6–6.4)	0.001	2.8 (1.4–5.8)	0.004
Attended	114 (25.5)	19 (16.6)	Reference		Reference
Use of bednets
No	367 (82.1)	27 (7.4)	2.0 (0.9–4.2)	0.076	1.5 (0.6–3.3)	0.291
Yes	80 (17.9)	11 (13.8)	Reference		Reference
Sex of the newborn
Male	229 (51.2)	17 (7.4)	1.3 (0.6–2.5)	0.402	1.2 (0.5–2.4)	0.598
Female	218 (48.8)	21 (9.6)	Reference		Reference
Submicroscopic parasitaemia
Positive	147 (32.9)	22 (15.0)	3.1 (1.5–6.1)	0.001	2.7 (1.2–5.6)	0.008
Negative	300 (67.1)	16 (5.3)	Reference		Reference

N = number; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.