| | Study | Country | Design | No. of patients | Mean age (years) | Men (%) | Drug sensitivity | New or recurrent TB | Background treatment | rhuIL-2 dose and routes | Control | Duration of rhuIL-2 treatment (months) | Follow-up duration (months) |
| | Johnson 1997 | South Africa | R, DB, PC | 33 | 36.6 | 51.4 | MDR-TB | Recurrent TB | Standard chemotherapy | 225,000 IU i.d. bid, or 450,000 IU i.d. q12 h and resting for 9 days | Placebo | 1 | 1 |
| | Li 2003 | China | R | 51 | 41.1 | 70.6 | NR | Recurrent TB | Standard chemotherapy | 200,000 IU i.d. qd | Blank treatment | 2 | 8 |
| | Johnson 2003 | Uganda | R, DB, PC | 110 | 35 | 68.2 | Drug-susceptible TB | New TB | Standard short-course chemotherapy | 225,000 IU i.d. bid | Placebo | 1 | 2 |
| | Liang 2003 | China | R | 41 | 40.2 | 65.9 | MDR-TB | Recurrent TB | Standard chemotherapy | 200,000 IU i.m. qd for 1 month, resting for 1 month, then repeat the treatment for 1 month | Blank treatment | 3 | 7 |
| | Chu 2003 | China | R | 203 | NR | NR | Mixed | Recurrent TB | Standard chemotherapy | 200,000 IU i.m. qd for 1 month, resting for 1 month, then repeat the treatment for 1 month | Blank treatment | 2 | 7 |
| | Xu 2004 | China | R | 100 | NR | 58 | NR | Mixed | Standard chemotherapy | 200,000 IU s.c. qd for 1 month, resting for 1 month, then repeat the treatment for 1 month | Blank treatment | 2 | 6 |
| | Zhang 2005 | China | R | 40 | NR | 54.5 | MDR-TB | Recurrent TB | Standard chemotherapy | 200,000 IU i.d. qd | Blank treatment | 3 | 8 |
| | Yu 2008 | China | R | 83 | 36 | 71.1 | NR | Recurrent TB | Standard chemotherapy | 200,000 IU s.c. qd | Blank treatment | 2 | 8 |
| | Song 2011 | China | R | 86 | 56.5 | NR | Drug-susceptible TB | New TB | Standard chemotherapy | 600,000 IU s.c. tiw | Blank treatment | 1 | 1 |
| | Xue 2012 | China | R | 48 | NR | NR | Drug-susceptible TB | New TB | Standard chemotherapy | 1000,000 IU s.c. tiw | Blank treatment | 2 | 6 |
| | Tang 2013 | China | R | 62 | 49.5 | 48.4 | Drug-susceptible TB | New TB | Standard chemotherapy | 400,000 IU i.d. qd | Blank treatment | 3 | 6 |
| | Cui 2014 | China | R | 188 | 44.5 | 40.9 | NR | Recurrent TB | Standard chemotherapy | 200,000 IU s.c. qd | Blank treatment | 2 | 8 |
| | Shen 2015 | China | R | 50 | 45.2 | 82 | MDR-TB | Recurrent TB | Standard chemotherapy | 500,000 IU i.d. qod for the first, third, fifth, and seventh months | Blank treatment | 4 | 24 |
| | Liang 2015 | China | R | 54 | 47 | 51.8 | MDR-TB | Recurrent TB | Standard chemotherapy | 1000,000 IU s.c. qod | Blank treatment | 2 | 8 |
| | Tian 2017 | China | R, OL | 216 | 44.1 | 55.6 | MDR-TB | Mixed | Standard chemotherapy | 500,000 IU i.d. qod for the first, third, fifth, and seventh months | Blank treatment | 4 | 24 |
| | Chen 2019 | China | R | 64 | 46.5 | 62.5 | NR | Recurrent TB | Standard chemotherapy | 200,000 IU s.c. qod | Blank treatment | 3 | 8 |
| | Nie 2022 | China | R | 1151 | 42.7 | 64.3 | Drug-susceptible TB | New TB | Standard chemotherapy | 400,000 IU i.d. qd | Blank treatment | 1 | 6 |
| | Yan 2022 | China | R | 50 | 44.7 | 68 | Drug-susceptible TB | New TB | Standard chemotherapy | 500,000 IU i.d. qd | Blank treatment | 1 | 6 |
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RCTs, randomized controlled trials; TB, tuberculosis; rhuIL-2, recombinant human interleukin-2; R, randomized; DB, double-blind; PC, placebo-controlled; OL, open-label; NR, not reported; MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; i.d., intradermal; bid, twice daily; q12 h, every 12 hours; qd, once daily; i.m., intramuscular; s.c. subcutaneous; tiw, three times a week; qod, every other day.
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