Review Article

Donor Complications Following Laparoscopic Compared to Hand-Assisted Living Donor Nephrectomy: An Analysis of the Literature

Table 2

Intraoperative complications of LDN and HALDN

LDNHALDNP-value

Bowel injury270.4%30.1%.031
Liver/mesenteric/splenic injury480.7%40.2%.001
Pulmonary injury
 Atelectasis2<0.0%00.0%.383
 Diaphragm injury40.1%00.0%.217
 Pneumothorax100.1%00.0%.051

160.2%00.0%.014
Renal/ureteral injury
 Bladder injury50.1%1<0.0%.550
 Degloving of the kidney capsule2<0.0%20.1%.315
 Renal laceration90.1%00.0%.064
 Ureteral injury100.1%20.1%.398

260.4%50.2%.154
Vascular injury/bleeding
 Bleeding-vascular injury971.4%240.9%.056
 Major bleeding (>2 UPRBCs or >500 mL)350.5%30.1%.007

1322.0%271.1%.003
Procedural complications
 Conversion—Elective/obesity170.3%40.2%.382
 Conversion—reason not reported/other190.3%50.2%.460
 Difficult manual extractions/entrapment sack malfunction120.2%00.0%.033
 Endotracheal intubation/extubation difficulties3<0.0%00.0%.285
 Staple misfire40.1%00.0%.217

550.8%90.4%.015
Other complications
 Cardiac arrhythmias2<0.0%00.0%.383
 Hydrocele2<0.0%00.0%.383
 Transient CO2 pneumoperitoneum2<0.0%00.0%.383
 Other400.6%20.1%.001

460.7%20.1%<.001
Total intraoperative complications3505.2%502.0%<.001

P< .05