Review Article
Antibody-Mediated Rejection: An Evolving Entity in Heart Transplantation
Table 1
Definition of allograft dysfunction (≥1 criteria required).
| Clinical heart failure | Symptoms and signs of low cardiac output and/or pulmonary or systemic congestion |
| Hemodynamics | PCWP > 20 mm Hg, and CI < 2.0 L/min/m2 |
| Inotropes | Requirement for inotropic drugs |
| Restrictive physiology | Echocardiogram: LVEF >50%, E to A ratio >2, IVRT <60 ms and DT <150 ms | Or | Right heart catheterization: RAP >12 mm Hg, PCWP >25 mm Hg and CI < 2.0 L/min/m2 |
| Systolic dysfunction | LVEF ≤45% or FS ≤20% or ≥25% decrease of LVEF or FS from baseline |
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A: A-wave, CI: cardiac index, DT: deceleration time, E: E-wave, FS: fractional shortening, IVRT: isovolumic relaxation time, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and RAP: right atrial pressure.
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