Medical Gases: A Novel Strategy for Attenuating Ischemia—Reperfusion Injury in Organ Transplantation?

Figure 1

Preemptive treatment with inhaled nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide can attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury via modulation of a myriad of inflammatory, cellular and vascular mechanisms. GTP: guanosine triphosphate, GC: guanylate cyclase, cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate, MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase, JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38: a class of mitogen-activated complexes, iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NFkB: nuclear factor kappa B, STAT-3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, ATP: adenosine triphosphate, Nrf-2: nuclear factor-like 2, Hif: hypoxia inducible factor, and GSH: glutathione.