Inflammatory Signalling Associated with Brain Dead Organ Donation: From Brain Injury to Brain Stem Death and Posttransplant Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury

Table 1

Properties of endothelin.

Endothelin
Endothelin subtypes [105, 106, 115]
ET-1; ET-2; ET-3
Sites of production [105]
Smooth muscle cells; Cardiomyocytes; Leukocytes; Macrophages; Mesangial cells; Airway epithelium; Alveolar epithelial cells
Receptor subtypes [105, 107, 108, 116, 117]
Endothelin receptor A; Endothelin receptor B
Action
Endothelin receptor A [105, 107, 108, 116, 117]; Smooth muscle contraction; Fibrogenesis; Endothelin receptor B [105, 107, 108, 116, 117]; Smooth muscle contraction; Smooth muscle relaxation; ET-1 clearance
Localisation of receptors [105, 107, 115]
Heart; Endocardium; Conducting system; Coronary vessels; Lung; Kidneys; CNS; Liver; Neutrophils
Stimulators of release [105]
Endothelial shear stress; Thrombin; AT2; Cytokines; Free radicals; Catecholamines
Inhibitors of release [105]
NO; ANP; Prostacyclin

ET: endothelin, AT2: angiotensin 2, NO: nitric oxide, ANP: atrial natriuretic peptide, CNS: central nervous system.