Risk-Stratified Cardiovascular Screening Including Angiographic and Procedural Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Renal Transplant Candidates

Table 1

Baseline characteristics and cardiac screening/intervention of renal transplant candidates with and without MACE (major adverse cardiovascular events) during followup.

(a) Baseline characteristics

Variable	Total (𝑛=267)	Patients without MACE; (𝑛=226)	Patients with MACE; (𝑛=41)	𝑃 value*
High risk (%)	196 (73.4)	157 (69.5)	39 (95.1)	0.001
Age (year)	49.3±13.4	48±13.7	56.4±8.9	<0.001
Previous renal transplant (%)	54 (20.2)	45 (19.9)	9 (22.0)	0.765
Smoking (%)	117 (43.8)	92 (40.7)	25 (61)	0.016
Male (%)	177 (66.3)	147 (65.0)	30 (73.2)	0.311
Diabetes (%)	68 (25.5)	50 (22.1)	18 (43.9)	0.003
Hypertension (%)	258 (96.6)	219 (96.9)	39 (95.1)	0.561
History of CAD (%)	47 (17.6)	30 (13.3)	17 (41.5)	<0.001
History of CVD (%)	11 (4.1)	5 (2.2)	6 (14.6)	<0.001
History of PVD (%)	31 (11.6)	19 (8.4)	12 (29.3)	<0.001
Statin (%)	108 (40.4)	91 (40.3)	17 (41.5)	0.876
Renal replacement therapy
HD (%)	225 (84.3)	187 (82.7)	38 (92.7)	0.120
PD (%)	21 (7.9)	18 (8.0)	3 (7.3)
Preemptive (%)	21 (7.9)	21 (9.3)	0
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.9±4.9	24.9±4.9	24±7.4	0.743
Mean time on dialysis before WL (mo)	26.7±41.8	23.7±36.2	43±62.6	0.002
Mean followup after waitlisting	55.3±19.3	57.0±17.7	45.8±24.3	0.004
Original renal disease
Glomerulonephritis	89 (33.3)	—	—
Polycystic	39 (14.6)	—	—
Diabetic nephropathy	32 (12.0)	—	—
Vascular/hypertension	27 (10.1)	—	—
Unknown	27 (10.1)	—	—
Other	25 (9.4)	—	—
Reflux/pyelonephritis	17 (6.4)	—	—
Interstitial nephritis	8 (3.0)	—	—
Cancer	3 (1.1)	—	—
Deaths	51 (19.1)	31 (13.7)	20 (48.8)	<0.001

(b) Baseline cardiac screening/intervention

Variable	Total; (𝑛=267)	Patients without MACE; (𝑛=226)	Patients with MACE; (𝑛=41)	𝑃 value*
Echocardiography (%)
LV-Hypertrophy (%)	181 (67.8)	155 (68.6)	26 (63.4)	0.615
Septum diameter (mm)	13.7±2.1	13.7±2.1	13.8±2.3	0.954
LV ejection fraction (%)	59.2±5.7	59.6±5.1	58.0±1.1	0.133
Noninvasive stress test (%)	204 (76.4)	173 (76.5)	31 (75.6)	0.896
Conclusive test (%)	154 (57.7)	130 (57.5)	24 (58.5)	0.786
Stress echocardiography (%)	122 (45.7)	98 (43.4)	24 (58.5)	0.073
Conclusive test (%)	111 (41.6)	89 (39.4)	22 (53.7)	0.896
Treadmill ergometry (%)	115 (43.1)	101 (44.7)	14 (34.1)	0.210
Conclusive test (%)	51 (19.1)	49 (21.7)	2 (4.9)	0.016
Positive stress test	28	20	8	0.034
(% of all/of conclusive tests)	(13.7, 18.2)	(11.6, 15.4)	(25.8, 33.3)
Coronary angiography (%)	58 (21.7)	38 (16.8)	20 (48.8)	<0.001
Significant coronary
Artery stenosis (%)	38 (66.7)	22 (57.9)	16 (80)	0.005
1-V-disease	15 (26.3)	12 (31.6)	3 (15)
2-V-disease	11 (19.3)	3 (7.9)	8 (40)
3-V-disease	12 (21.1)	7 (18.4)	5 (25)
Revascularization (%)	18 (31.6)	9 (23.7)	9 (47.4)	0.070
Stress test and/or CA (%)	220 (82.4)	181 (80.1)	39 (95.1)	0.020
Conclusive stress test and/or CA (%)	176 (65.9)	144 (63.7)	32 (78)	0.075

^∗𝑃 value for comparison between patients without and with MACE.
CAD: coronary artery disease; CVD: cerebrovascular disease; HD: hemodialysis; PD: peritoneal dialysis; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; CA: coronary angiography; noninvasive stress test: stress echocardiography and/or treadmill ergometry.