Immunopathogenesis of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: Recent Perspectives

Table 2

Host genetic and viral factors associated with the risk of HAM/TSP.

Factor	Condition	Effect	Reference(s)
Viral factors	HTLV-1 tax subgroup A	Susceptible	[46]
	Proviral load	Susceptible	[36]
Host factors
HLA	A*02	Protective	[37, 41]
	Cw*08	Protective	[41]
	B*5401	Susceptible	[41]
	DRB1*0101	Susceptible	[37]
Non-HLA	TNF-α promoter −863 A allele	Susceptible	[47]
	longer CA repeat alleles of MMP-9 promoter	Susceptible	[48]
	IL-10 promoter −592 A allele	Protective	[49]
	SDF-1 promoter +801 A allele	Protective	[47]
	IL-15 +191 C allele	Protective	[47]