Table 1: Summary of the described roles for miR-146a in immune responses and disease, with indicated references and known targets.

Ref. Expression/Function Targets Mouse [5] Differential expression in Th1/Th2 cells [10] Impaired Treg function in mice lacking miR-146a STAT1 [11] Provided protection from bacteria induced epithelial damage in neonates IRAK1 Human [12] Attenuated TLR4 signaling in monocytes IRAK1, TRAF6 [13] Regulated activation induced cell death and IL-2 expression in Jurkat T cells FADD [14] Contributed to the establishment of endotoxin tolerance in monocytes IRAK1, TRAF6 [15] Desensitized Langerhans cells to inappropriate TLR signaling [16] Negatively regulated inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells [17] Controlled megakaryopoiesis CXCR4 [18] Reduced migration and invasion capacity of breast cancer cells IRAK1, TRAF6 [19] Promoted cell proliferation in cervical cancer [20] Tumor suppressor in hormone-refractory prostate cancer ROCK1 [21] Suppressed invasion of pancreatic cancer cells EGFR, IRAK1 [22] SNP in pre-miR-146a predisposes to papillary thyroid carcinoma Viruses [23] Promoted VSV replication in macrophages IRAK1, IRAK2, TRAF6 [24] EBV-encoded LMP1 induced cellular miR-146a expression