Genotoxicity Studies Performed in the Ecuadorian Population

Table 2

Molecular findings in genotoxicity studies.

Glyphosate	Paz-y-Miño et al. [13]	Regarding the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism, the frequency of the Val allele was higher in exposed individuals (0.48) than control individuals (0.28). The Val/Val variant represented a 4.88-fold risk of acquiring detoxification problems, whereas the combination of the Ile/Val and Val/Val alleles was associated with a 2.6-fold risk of presenting a GSTP1 gene dysfunction. As for the GPX-1 Pro198Leu polymorphism, the Leu allele had a higher frequency in exposed individuals (0.41), unlike control individuals (0.32). The Leu/Leu variant was associated with an 8.5-fold risk of having problems in the function of the GPX-1 gene.
Other pesticides	Paz-y-Miño et al. [55]	The level of damage was not significantly influenced by genetic polymorphisms of the CYP 1A1 gene in the studied population.
Hydrocarbons	Paz-y-Miño et al. [7]	As far as the MSH2 gene is concerned, there is a relation between polymorphisms of the exon 13 and the DNA damage evaluated in the individuals exposed to hydrocarbons (𝑃<0.001), the study of the CYP 1A1 gene found no relation between its polymorphisms and having greater susceptibility to DNA damage.