Serum IL-1<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math>, IL-6, IL-8,  and  TNF-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:math> Levels in Early Diagnosis and Management of Neonatal Sepsis

Kurt, A. Nese Citak; Aygun, A. Denizmen; Godekmerdan, Ahmet; Kurt, Abdullah; Dogan, Yasar; Yilmaz, Erdal

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/31397

Mediators of Inflammation

On this page

Abstract References Copyright Related Articles

Research Article | Open Access

Volume 2007 | Article ID 031397 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/31397

Serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α Levels in Early Diagnosis and Management of Neonatal Sepsis

A. Nese Citak Kurt,¹A. Denizmen Aygun,¹Ahmet Godekmerdan,²Abdullah Kurt,¹Yasar Dogan,¹and Erdal Yilmaz¹

Received10 May 2007

Accepted31 Oct 2007

Published10 Jan 2008

Abstract

Aim. To determine serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels in neonatal sepsis at the time of diagnosis and after therapy, and to show the meaningful on the follow up. Methods. This prospective study was performed on newborns who were hospitalized for neonatal sepsis and who were classified as culture-proven sepsis (n=12), as culture-negative sepsis (n=21), and as healthy newborns (n=17). Results. At the time of diagnosis, serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels of culture-proven sepsis were significantly higher than those of the control groups (P<.05). At the time of diagnosis, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels of culture-proven sepsis and culture-negative sepsis were significantly higher than levels at the seventh day after antibiotic treatment. Conclusion. Serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α are mediators of inflammation and can be used at the diagnosis and at the evaluation of the therapeutic efficiency in neonatal sepsis.

References

E. Volante, S. Moretti, F. Pisani, and G. Bevilacqua, “Early diagnosis of bacterial infection in the neonate,” Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, vol. 16, supplement 2, pp. 13–16, 2004.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
I. M. Gladstone, R. A. Ehrenkranz, S. C. Edberg, and R. S. Baltimore, “A ten-year review of neonatal sepsis and comparison with the previous fifty-year experience,” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 819–825, 1990.
View at: Google Scholar
R. Vesikari, M. Janas, and P. Grönroos et al., “Neonatal septicaemia,” Archives of Disease in Childhood, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 542–546, 1985.
View at: Google Scholar
P. Kite, M. R. Millar, P. Gorham, and P. Congdon, “Comparison of five tests used in diagnosis of neonatal bacteraemia,” Archives of Disease in Childhood, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 639–643, 1988.
View at: Google Scholar
E. Ainbender, E. E. Cabatu, D. M. Guzman, and A. Y. Sweet, “Serum C-reactive protein and problems of newborn infants,” Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 438–440, 1982.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
O. Da Silva, A. Ohlsson, and C. Kenyon, “Accuracy of leukocyte indices and C-reactive protein for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: a critical review,” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 1119–1120, 1995.
View at: Google Scholar
B. L. Manroe, A. G. Weinberg, C. R. Rosenfeld, and R. Browne, “The neonatal blood count in health and disease. I. Reference values for neutrophilic cells,” Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 89–98, 1979.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Zipursky, J. Palko, R. Milner, and G. I. Akenzua, “The hematology of bacterial infections in premature infants,” Pediatrics, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 839–853, 1976.
View at: Google Scholar
N. J. Mathers and F. Pohlandt, “Diagnostic audit of C-reactive protein in neonatal infection,” European Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 146, no. 2, pp. 147–151, 1987.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
L. Sann, F. Bienvenu, and J. Bienvenu, “Evolution of serum prealbumin, C-reactive protein, and orosomucoid in neonates with bacterial infection,” Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 105, no. 6, pp. 977–981, 1984.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. Berner, C. M. Niemeyer, and J. U. Leititis et al., “Plasma levels and gene expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor- $α$ , interleukin (IL)-1 $β$ , IL-6, IL-8, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in neonatal early onset sepsis,” Pediatric Research, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 469–477, 1998.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. S. Cairo, “Neonatal neutrophil host defense. Prospects for immunologic enhancement during neonatal sepsis,” American Journal of Diseases of Children, vol. 143, no. 1, pp. 40–46, 1989.
View at: Google Scholar
C. Buck, J. Bundschu, H. Gallati, P. Bartmann, and F. Pohlandt, “Interleukin-6: a sensitive parameter for the early diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection,” Pediatrics, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 54–58, 1994.
View at: Google Scholar
E. S. de Bont, A. Martens, and J. van Raan et al., “Diagnostic value of plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor $α$ (TNF $α$ ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in newborns with sepsis,” Acta Paediatrica, vol. 83, no. 7, pp. 696–699, 1994.
View at: Google Scholar
M. C. Harris, A. T. Costarino Jr., and J. S. Sullivan et al., “Cytokine elevations in critically ill infants with sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis,” Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 105–111, 1994.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. Matthes, C. Werner-Favre, H. Tang, X. Zhang, V. Kindler, and R. H. Zubler, “Cytokine mRNA expression during an in vitro response of human B lymphocytes: kinetics of B cell tumor necrosis factor $α$ , interleukin (IL)6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor $β$ 1 mRNAs,” Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 178, no. 2, pp. 521–528, 1993.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Martin, B. Olander, and M. Norman, “Reactive hyperemia and interleukin 6, interleukin 8, and tumor necrosis factor- $α$ in the diagnosis of early-onset neonatal sepsis,” Pediatrics, vol. 108, no. 4, pp. 1–6, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. G. Philip and J. R. Hewitt, “Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis,” Pediatrics, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 1036–1041, 1980.
View at: Google Scholar
G. I. Akenzua, Y. T. Hui, R. Milner, and A. Zipursky, “Neutrophil and band counts in the diagnosis of neonatal infections,” Pediatrics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 38–42, 1974.
View at: Google Scholar
M. Xanthou, “Leukocyte blood picture in ill newborn babies,” Archives of Disease in Childhood, vol. 47, no. 255, pp. 741–743, 1972.
View at: Google Scholar
V. Manucha, U. Rusia, M. Sikka, M. M. A. Faridi, and N. Madan, “Utility of haematological parameters and C-reactive protein in the detection of neonatal sepsis,” Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 459–464, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
P. W. Fowlie and B. Schmidt, “Diagnostic tests for bacterial infection from birth to 90 days—a systematic review,” Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. F92–F98, 1998.
View at: Google Scholar
O. Da Silva, A. Ohlsson, and C. Kenyon, “Accuracy of leukocyte indices and C-reactive protein for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: a critical review,” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 362–366, 1995.
View at: Google Scholar
X. Saez-Llorens and S. F. Lagrutta, “The acute phase host reaction during bacterial infection and its clinical impact in children,” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 83–87, 1993.
View at: Google Scholar
E. S. de Bont, A. Martens, and J. van Raan et al., “Tumor necrosis factor- $α$ , interleukin-1 $β$ , and interleukin-6 plasma levels in neonatal sepsis,” Pediatric Research, vol. 33, no. 4, part 1, pp. 380–383, 1993.
View at: Google Scholar
A. Ozdemir, N. Oygur, M. Gultekin, M. Coskun, and O. Yegin, “Neonatal tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 $α$ , interleukin-1 $β$ , and interleukin-6 response to infection,” American Journal of Perinatology, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 282–285, 1994.
View at: Google Scholar
P. C. Ng, S. H. Cheng, and K. M. Chui et al., “Diagnosis of late onset neonatal sepsis with cytokines, adhesion molecule, and C-reactive protein in preterm very low birthweight infants,” Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition, vol. 77, no. 3, pp. F221–F227, 1997.
View at: Google Scholar
C. Santana Reyes, F. García-Muñoz, D. Reyes, G. González, C. Dominguez, and E. Domenech, “Role of cytokines (interleukin-1 $β$ , 6, 8, tumour necrosis factor- $α$ , and soluble receptor of interleukin-2) and C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis,” Acta Paediatrica, vol. 92, no. 2, pp. 221–227, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
L. C. Miller, S. Isa, G. LoPreste, J. G. Schaller, and C. A. Dinarello, “Neonatal interleukin-1 $β$ -, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor: cord blood levels and cellular production,” Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 117, no. 6, pp. 961–965, 1990.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. D. M. Edgar, D. C. Wilson, and S. A. McMillan et al., “Predictive value of soluble immunological mediators in neonatal infection,” Clinical Science, vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 165–171, 1994.
View at: Google Scholar
M. Kantar, N. Kültürsay, N. Kütükçüler, M. Akisü, N. Çetingül, and S. Çaglayan, “Plasma concentrations of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 in septic and healthy preterms,” European Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 159, no. 3, pp. 156–157, 2000.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
O. Magudumana, D. E. Ballot, and P. A. Cooper et al., “Serial interleukin 6 measurements in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis,” Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 267–271, 2000.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. Lehrnbecher, L. Schrod, D. Kraus, T. Roos, J. Martius, and H.-B. von Stockhausen, “Interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-6 receptor in cord blood in the diagnosis of early onset sepsis in neonates,” Acta Paediatrica, vol. 84, no. 7, pp. 806–808, 1995.
View at: Google Scholar
M. C. Harris, A. T. Costarino Jr., and J. S. Sullivan et al., “Cytokine elevations in critically ill infants with sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis,” Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 105–111, 1994.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. R. Franz, G. Steinbach, M. Kron, and F. Pohlandt, “Reduction of unnecessary antibiotic therapy in newborn infants using interleukin-8 and C-reactive protein as markers of bacterial infections,” Pediatrics, vol. 104, no. 3, pp. 447–453, 1999.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. R. Franz, G. Steinbach, M. Kron, and F. Pohlandt, “Interleukin-8: a valuable tool to restrict antibiotic therapy in newborn infants,” Acta Paediatrica, vol. 90, no. 9, pp. 1025–1032, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
E. Kocabaş, A. Sarikçioǧlu, N. Aksaray, G. Seydaoǧlu, Y. Seyhun, and A. Yaman, “Role of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor- $α$ in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis,” Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 7–20, 2007.
View at: Google Scholar
J. Messer, D. Eyer, L. Donato, H. Gallati, J. Martis, and U. Simeoni, “Evaluation of interleukin-6 and soluble receptors of tumor necrosis factor for early diagnosis of neonatal infection,” Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 129, no. 4, pp. 574–580, 1996.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Oberhoffer, H. Vogelsang, S. Rußwurm, T. Hartung, and K. Reinhart, “Outcome prediction by traditional and new markers of inflammation in patients with sepsis,” Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 363–368, 1999.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

Copyright

Copyright © 2007 A. Nese Citak Kurt et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PDF Download Citation Order printed copies

Views

838

Downloads

2641

Citations