]>The Renin-Angiotensin System Modulates Inflammatory Processes in Atherosclerosis: Evidence from Basic Research and Clinical Studies : Table 1
Table 1: Clinical studies evaluating effects of RAS blockade on circulating inflammatory markers. When two active drugs are administered, the effects demonstrated are with respect to basal values; when an active deug and placebo are used, the comparisons are between the two arms. CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; ACEI: ACE inhibitors.
Studies Patients Clinical conditions Drugs Main effects
Sheth et al. [93] 107 Chronic heart failure Lisinopril versus Omapatrilat ↑ IL-10 (Omapatrilat)
= IL-6
Jilma et al. [94] 32 Essential hypertension Enalapril versus Losartan ↓ E-selectin Enalapril
↓ ICAM-1
↓ VCAM-1
↓ MCP-1
Essential hypertension Candesartan versus Placebo ↓ MCP-1
Koh et al. [95] 45 ↓ TNF-α
= CRP
Di Napoli and Papa [96] 507 Ischemic stroke ACEI versus Other hypotensive drugs ↓ CRP (ACEI)
Tsikouris et al. [97] 30 Acute myocardial infarction Quinapril versus Enalapril ↓ CRP (Quinapril)
Schieffer et al. [98] 48 Coronary artery disease Essential hypertension Enalapril versus Irbesartan ↑ IL-10 Both
↓ MMP-9
↓ IL-6 Irbesartan
↓ CRP
Fliser et al. [99] 199 Essential hypertension and/or Vascular disease Diabetes mellitus LDL-C > 150 mg/dL Olmesartan versus Placebo ↓ CRP
↓ TNF-α
↓ IL-6
↓ MCP-1
Trevelyan et al. [100] 45 Angina pectoris awaiting CABG Enalapril or Losartan versus Control ↓ IL-1ra
↓ IL-6
= IL-10
= IL-8 n.d.
Tikiz et al. [101] 45 Rheumatoid arthritis Quinapril versus Placebo = CRP
= TNF-α
= IL-1β
= IL-6
Coronary artery disease Perindopril or Enalapril versus Placebo ↓ MCP-1 Both
Krysiak and Okopień [102] 90 ↑ IL-10
↓ CRP (Perindopril)