Elevation of High-Mobility Group Protein Box-1 in Serum Correlates with Severity of Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Table 1

Clinical, biochemical, and radiological characteristics by subjects.

	Control ($n=41$)	ICH		$P$-value
		Good outcome (mRS, 0–2), $n=31$	Poor outcome (mRS, 3–6), $n=29$
Age, yr	63.2 (9)	65.4 (8)	67.4 (10)	NS
Sex (M/F, %)	61.4/	59.8	65.3	NS
Time from onset to admission, hr		6.5 (3.2–9.5)	5.9 (2.6–8.7)	NS
History of vascular risk factors (%)
Hypertension	42.1	75.5**	72.6**	.0003
Diabetes	23.8	26.5	24.7	NS
Smoking habit (current)	16.5	11.7	15.3	NS
Alcohol consumption	18.7	21.6	26.8	NS
Prior medication with
Lipid-lowering drugs	26.6	18.9	28.5	NS
Platelet inhibitors	33.0	28.6	31.4	NS
Vital signs
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg		178 (32)	176 (28)	NS
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg		101 (16)	98 (22)	NS
Maximal SBP in 24 hr, mmHg		198 (26)	192 (24)	NS
Maximal DBP in 24 hr, mmHg		110 (12)	108 (9)	NS
Body temperature, (${}_{}{}^{°}\text{C}$)		36.5 (0.62)	36.2 (0.81)	NS
Glasgow scale at baseline		15 (14-15)	12 (10–14)	$<$.001
NIHSS at 10 days		9 (5–15)	21 (16–24)	$<$.001
mRS at 3 month		1.8 (0–2)	4 (3–6)	$<$.001
Neuroimaging findings
Topography, % lobar		45.2	42.8	NS
ICH volume at baseline, mL		14.8 (6.8–22.0)	34.2 (15.0–52.4)	$<$.001
Edema volume at baseline, mL		3.2 (1.2–9.0)	12.0 (5.2–14.8)	$<$.01
ICH growth at 72 hours, ratio		0.08 (0.0–0.41)	0.11 (0.02–0.46)	NS
ICH growth at 7 days, ratio		$-$0.32 ($-$0.55–0.02)	0.01 ($-$0.19–0.29)	$<$.01
Edema growth at 72 hours, ratio		0.65 (0.03–4.32)	0.88 (0.46–3.34)	NS
Edema growth at 7 days, ratio		0.94 (0.00–3.10)	1.21 (0.12–2.54)	NS
Intraventricular bleeding, %		11.5	53.4	<.001
Mass effect, %		21.0	68.5	<.001
Laboratory parameters
Serum glucose, mg/dL		125 (23)	117 (36)	NS
Platelet count, $\times$1000/mmc		226 (72)	241 (69)	NS
Leukocyte count, $\times$1000/mmc		7.8 (2.0)	8.1 (1.8)	NS
Plasma fibrinogen, mg/dL		455 (120)	447 (116)	NS
IL-6, pg/mL		102.6 (35.6)	184.2 (38.4)	$<$.01
TNF-$\alpha$, pg/mL		54.3 (15.2)	95.3 (18.5)	$<$.05

Values are presented as proportions, mean (SD), or median (quartiles). CT was performed in 63 patients at 72 hours and 7 days. Reason to not perform followup CT were death in 2 patients at 72 hours. DBP: diastolic blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; NIHSS: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; mRS: modified Rankin scale; mmc: cubic millimeter. **$P<.01$ versus control.