| Intervention | Marker of inflammation | Effect | Reference |
| Diet alone | hsCRP | | : [20, 22, 52–60, 62, 64–75, 115, 118] | | or no effect | | | no effect: [28, 63] | TNF | | : [31, 72, 74, 76, 77] | | or | : [117] | | or no effect | no effect: [28, 70, 75, 115, 118] | IL-6 | | : [28, 31, 72, 76, 115] | | or no effect | no effect: [60, 74] | IL-8 | | : [76] | | or | : [31] | | or no effect | no effect: [70] | IL-10 | No effect | [78] | IL-18 | | [33] | IL-20 | | [79] | sICAM-1 | | : [36, 52, 55, 61, 62, 72] | | or no effect | no effect: [70] | sVCAM-1 | | : [36, 61, 80] | | or | : [62] | | or no effect | no effect: [70] |
| Exercise alone | hsCRP | | : [83–87] | | or no effect | no effect: [88–90, 92, 115, 116, 118] | | TNF | | : [35, 87, 91] | | or | : [117] | | or no effect | no effect: [84, 92, 115, 116, 118] | IL-6 | | : [90] | | or no effect | no effect: [83, 85, 89, 92, 115, 116] | | IL-10 | | [84] | IL-18 | | : [84] | | or no effect | no effect: [93] | sICAM-1 | No effect | [85] | sVCAM-1 | No effect | [85] |
| Combination of diet and exercise | hsCRP | | : [26, 29, 40, 94–96, 98–116, 118] | | | or no effect | no effect: [97] | TNF | | : [26, 40, 101, 105] | | or | : [117] | | or no effect | no effect: [94, 95, 97, 109, 112, 115, 116, 118] | | IL-6 | | : [26, 94, 97, 98, 100–103, 107, 110–113, 115, 116] | | or no effect | | | no effect: [95, 96, 109] | IL-7 | | [111] | IL-8 | | [113] | IL-18 | | [100–102, 106, 111] | sICAM-1 | | [26, 104] | sVCAM-1 | | [26] | Orlistat | hsCRP | | : [123–125, 128] | | or no effect | no effect: [126, 127, 133] | TNF | | [123, 127, 129] | IL-6 | | : [123, 124, 129] | | or no effect | no effect: [127] |
| Sibutramine | hsCRP | | : [132, 133, 147] | | or no effect | no effect: [135] | TNF | | [134] | IL-6 | | [134] | IL-10 | | [134] |
| Metformin | hsCRP | | : [139, 141, 144, 146, 147] | | or no effect | no effect: [140, 142, 145] | TNF | No effect | [139, 145] | IL-6 | | : [144] | | or no effect | no effect: [139, 145] | sICAM-1 | | : [139] | | or no effect | no effect: [138, 140, 146] | sVCAM-1 | | [138–140, 146] | soluble E-selectin | | : [139, 140] | | or no effect | no effect: [138, 146] |
| Roux-en-Y gastric bypass | hsCRP | | [158–166] | TNF | No effect | [166] | sTNFR-2 | No effect | [166] | IL-6 | | : [160, 162, 163, 165] | | or no effect | no effect: [166] | IL-18 | | [180] | sICAM-1 | No effect | [166] | sVCAM-1 | No effect | [166] | soluble E-selectin | | [166] | MCP-1 | | [180] |
| Gastric banding | hsCRP | | : [158, 169–175] | | or no effect | no effect: [176] | TNF | No effect | [172, 174] | sTNFR-2 | | [167, 180] | IL-6 | | : [171, 172] | | or no effect | no effect: [174] | IL-18 | | [167] | sICAM-1 | | : [37, 171, 182] | | or no effect | no effect: [176] | sVCAM-1 | | : [176] | | or no effect | no effect: [181] | soluble E-selectin | | [37, 176, 181, 182] | MCP-1 | | [167] |
| Liposuction | hsCRP | No effect | No effect: [183, 184] | | or | : [185] | TNF | No effect | No effect: [183, 184] | | or | : [185] | IL-6 | No effect | No effect: [183, 184] | | or | : [185] | IL-18 | | [185] |
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