Biliary Innate Immunity: Function and Modulation

Table 1

Bacteria and viruses possible etiological of biliary diseases.

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Primary biliary cirrhosis

 (i) Detection of microorganisms

  (a) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

  (b) lipoteichoic acid

  (c) Helicobacter

  (d) $\beta$-retrovirus

  (e) P. acnes

 (ii) Molecular mimicry between human and microbial PDC-E2

  (a) E. coli

  (b) Mycobacterium

  (c) Novosphingobium

  (d) Lactobacillus

  (e) Chlamydia

 (iii) Biliary atresia

  (a) Reovirus

  (b) Rotavirus

  (c) cytomegalovirus (CMV)

  (d) adenovirus

  (e) enterovirus

  (f) Ebstein-Barr virus (EBV)

 (iv) Primary sclerosing cholangitis

  (a) Helicobacter

  (b) $\alpha$ -hemolytic streptococcus

 (v) Hepatolithiasis

  (a) Escherichia coli (E. coli)

  (b) Klebsiella

  (c) Streptococcus

  (d) Pseudomonas

  (e) Bacteroides

  (f) Clostridium

  (g) Campylobacter

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