Targeting Toll-Like Receptors for Treatment of SLE

Figure 1

TLR7/9 Signaling pathway leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFN. Receptor recognizes nucleic acid ligand and recruits adaptor protein MyD88. MyD88 attracts kinases IRAK1 and IRAK4 to the complex, which can then activate TRAF6. Activated TRAF6 leads to the stimulation of transcription factors NF$\kappa$B, IRF5, and IRF7 to produce cytokines and type I IFN. IRF7 has been identified as the primary factor in production of type I IFN, but there is evidence that IRF5 can also contribute to type I IFN production [36].