Modulation of Toll-Like Receptor Activity by Leukocyte Ig-Like Receptors and Their Effects during Bacterial Infection

Figure 2

Possible pathways for LILR regulation of Toll-Like Receptor Signalling Pathways: There are several possible mechanisms of inhibition LILR receptors may employ to regulate TLRs. SHP-1 has been shown to associate with IRAK1 and inhibit further downstream signalling. Similarly, SHP-2 and SHIP have been shown to inhibit downstream signalling of TBK-1 and PI3K, respectively, thereby dampening down the production of proinflammatory mediators [35–38].