Type I IL-1 Receptor (IL-1RI) as Potential New Therapeutic Target for Bronchial Asthma

Figure 1

IL-1RI—IL-1 and T1/ST2—IL-33 pathways involved in allergic inflammation in asthma. “$+$” or “$-$” denote enhanced/activated or attenuated/suppressed effects of modulating signaling pathways, respectively. IL-1RI, IL-1 receptor type I; IL-1RAcP, IL-1 receptor accessory protein; IL-1Ra, IL-1 receptor antagonist; TIR, Toll/IL-1 receptor domains; sST2, soluble ST2; ST2L, trans-membrane ST2; NF-$\kappa$B, nuclear factor-$\kappa$B; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; ERK, extracellular signal‑regulated kinase. Modified from [13, 21, 29, 30].