Possible Roles of Proinflammatory and Chemoattractive Cytokines Produced by Human Fetal Membrane Cells in the Pathology of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Associated with Influenza Virus Infection

Figure 5

Differential mRNA expression of chemoattractive cytokines and MDI factor among cultured chorion, amnion mesenchymal, and amnion epithelial cells in response to influenza virus infection. In cultured chorion cells, the levels of mRNA expression of all of 7 chemokines tested (i.e., ENA-78, MCP-1, GRO-α/β, IP-10, RANTES, MIP-1β, and IL-8) were increased by influenza virus infection. In cultured amnion mesenchymal cells, the levels of mRNA expression of 6 chemokines except for ENA-78 (i.e., MCP-1, GRO-α/β, IP-10, RNATES, MIP-1β, and IL-8) were increased. In cultured amnion epithelial cells, the levels of mRNA expression of 3 chemokines (RANTES, MIP-1β, and IL-8) were increased. Influenza virus infection induced the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNAs in chorion and amnion mesenchymal cells but not in amnion epithelial cells. The expression of TNF-α and IFN-β mRNAs was induced in three types of cells by influenza virus infection. Abbreviations used: ENA-78, epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating protein 78; GRO-α/β, growth-related oncogene α/β; IL, interleukin; IP-10, interferon inducible protein 10; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; MDI, monocyte differentiation-inducing; MIP-1β, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β; RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted.