Mediators of Inflammation

Review Article

Possible Roles of Proinflammatory and Chemoattractive Cytokines Produced by Human Fetal Membrane Cells in the Pathology of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Associated with Influenza Virus Infection

Table 4

Diverse cytokines produced by human fetal membranes.


Proinflammatory cytokines		IL-1α/β, IL-6, TNF-α
Lymphocyte-derived cytokines		IL-2
Macrophage-derived cytokines		IL-15
Anti-inflammatory cytokines		IL-4, IL-10, IL-1RA, TGF-β1
Anti-viral cytokines		IFNs-α/β/γ
Chemoattractive cytokines	CC chemokines	MCP-1/2/3/4, RANTES, MIP-1α/β
Chemoattractive cytokines	CXC chemokines	IL-8, IP-10, ENA-78, MIF
Hematopoietic growth factor		M-CSF

Abbreviations used: ENA: epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating protein; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; IL-1RA: interleukin 1 receptor antagonist; IP: interferon inducible protein; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; MIF: macrophage migration inhibitory factor; M-CSF: macrophage colony-stimulating factor; RANTES: regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; TGF: transforming growth factor; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.