Possible Roles of Proinflammatory and Chemoattractive Cytokines Produced by Human Fetal Membrane Cells in the Pathology of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Associated with Influenza Virus Infection

Table 6

Cytokines induced by influenza A virus infection in host cells undergoing apoptosis.

Cell types	Cytokines	References
Chorion cells	Proinflammatory cytokines: IL-6, TNF-α
	Antiviral cytokines: IFN-β, IFN-γ	[94, 151, 182]
	CC chemokines: MCP-1, RANTES, MIP-1β
	CXC chemokines: IL-8, GRO-α, GRO-β, ENA-78, IP-10
Monocytes or macrophages	Proinflammatory cytokines: IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-α/β	[179, 190]
	CC chemokines: MCP-1, RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β
Bronchial epithelial cells	Proinflammatory cytokine: IL-6
	CC chemokine: RANTES	[191, 192]
	CXC chemokine: IL-8

Abbreviations used: ENA: epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating protein; GRO: growth-related oncogene; IFN: interferon; IL; interleukin; IP: interferon-inducible protein; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; RANTES: regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; TGF: transforming growth factor; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.