Prostaglandin E_𝟐 and the Suppression of Phagocyte Innate Immune Responses in Different Organs

Figure 1

Prostanoid biosynthesis and receptors. Upon cell stimulation, PLA2 is activated, and (AA) is released from the cellular membranes. AA is then metabolized by COX-1 or COX-2 in different cellular compartments and further metabolized by different synthases, which leads to the generation of different prostanoids. Once the product is formed, different prostanoids are transported outside the cells to bind to their respective receptors. (PG prostaglandin; Tx thromboxane; PGJ₂ 15-deoxy-Δ^12,14-prostaglandin J₂; Cox-1/2 cyclooxygenase-1/2; PGDS, PGES, PGFS, and PGIS prostaglandin D₂/E₂/F₂/I₂-synthase; PGIS prostacyclin synthase; TxAS thromboxane A₂ synthase; PGER prostaglandin E2 9-reductase).