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Receptor | Ligand | Adapter molecules | Location | Cell type |
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TLR1 + TLR2 | Bacterial lipoproteins | MyD88/Mal | Plasma membrane | Monocytes/macrophages A subset of dendritic cells B lymphocytes |
TLR2 + ? | GPI anchors (parasites), bacterial porins, and HMGB1 | MyD88/Mal | Plasma membrane | Monocytes/macrophages A subset of dendritic cells B lymphocytes |
TLR3 | dsRNA, poly I:C | TRIF | Intracellular membrane | Dendritic cells B lymphocytes |
TLR4 | LPS, HSPs, HMGB1, some viral proteins | MyD88/Mal/TRAM/TRIF | Plasma membrane | Monocytes/macrophages Myeloid dendritic cells Mast cells B lymphocytes Intestinal epithelium |
TLR5 | Bacterial flagellin | MyD88 | Plasma membrane | Monocyte/macrophages A subset of dendritic cells Intestinal epithelium |
TLR2 + TLR6 | Bacterial lipoproteins from mycoplasma, lipoteichoic acid, and yeast cell wall mannans | MyD88/Mal | Plasma membrane | Monocytes/macrophages Mast cells B lymphocytes |
TLR7 | Imidazoquinoline ssRNA (viral) | MyD88 | Intracellular membrane | Monocytes/macrophages Plasmacytoid dendritic cells B lymphocytes |
TLR8 | Imidazoquinoline ssRNA (viral) | MyD88 | Intracellular membrane | Monocytes/macrophages A subset of dendritic cells Mast cells |
TLR9 | CpG-containing DNA (viral and bacterial) | MyD88 | Intracellular membrane | Monocytes/macrophages A subset of dendritic cells Mast cells B cell |
TLR10 | Unknown | MyD88 | Plasma membrane | B lymphocytes Dendritic cells Eosinophils |
TLR11 (only mouse and rat) | Toxoplasma profilin | MyD88 | Plasma membrane | Monocytes/macrophages A subset of dendritic cells Mast cells |
TLR12 (only mouse and rat) | Unknown | MyD88 | Plasma membrane | Neurons |
TLR13 (only mouse and rat) | Unknown | MyD88, TAK-1 | Plasma membrane | ā |
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