Increased Toll-Like Receptor 2 Expression in Peptidoglycan-Treated Blood Monocytes Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Patients with Nondiabetic Rheumatoid Arthritis

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of normal controls and RA patients.

Characteristics	Normal controls^b; (𝑛=10)	RA patients^b; (𝑛=30)	𝑃^c
Demographics
Age (years)	57 (51–64)	57 (36–82)	0.778
Sex (percentage of females)	90	83	0.632
Cardiovascular risk factors
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	135 (91–170)	132 (89–170)	0.815
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	82 (60–105)	80 (51–107)	0.790
BMI^a (kg/m^2)	24.9 (20.7–31.2)	24.3 (19.3–38.7)	0.373
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	197 (145–297)	196 (122–270)	0.755
Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL)	111 (63–180)	104 (32–164)	0.719
High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL)	60 (36–80)	62 (35–104)	0.751
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	91 (36–178)	134 (48–566)	0.199
TG to HDL	1.7 (0.6–4.8)	2.6 (0.5–15.3)	0.325
TC to HDL	3.4 (2.3–4.8)	3.3 (2.2–4.8)	0.876
Glucose (mg/dL)	92 (82–104)	90 (66–115)	0.406
HOMA^a	0.9 (0.3–2.2)	2.1 (0.3–13.0)	0.017
Measures of disease activity
Disease activity (DAS28^a)	NA^a	4.9 (3.1–7.4)	NA^a
Current use of corticosteroids, number (%)	NA^a	25 (83)	NA^a
Cumulative corticosteroids dose (gm)	NA^a	2.7 (0.14–9.6)	NA^a
Other markers of inflammation
ESR^a (mm/h)	14 (3–29)	35 (5–80)	0.002
HSCRP^a (mg/L)	1.2 (0.2–3.4)	9.0 (1.0–57.5)	0.008

^aAbbreviations: BMI: body mass index; DAS28: Disease Activity Score in 28 joints; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HOMA: homeostasis model assessment; HSCRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein; NA: not applicable; RA: rheumatoid arthritis.
^bData are expressed as mean and range.
^c𝑃<0.05 was considered statistically significant.