Facts and Fiction: The Impact of Hypothermia on Molecular Mechanisms following Major Challenge

Table 1

Effects of hypothermia on apoptosis.

Authors	Study design	Insult	Degree of hypothermia	Effects
Xu et al. [15]	In vitro study (mouse neurons)	Apoptosis using serum deprivation	33°C	caspase-3/8/9 ↓, cytochrome-c ↓, JNK ↓ (no effect on bcl-2, bax)
Yang et al. [16]	In vitro study (HUVEC*)	Ischemia using oxygen-glucose deprivation	33°C	caspase-3/8 ↓, bcl-2 ↑, bax ↓, JNK ↓
Pastuszko et al. [17]	Experimental study (piglet neurons)	Ischemia	33°C	caspase-3 ↓, bax ↓ (no effect on bcl-2)
Sahin et al. [18]	Experimental study (rat neurons)	Ischemia	34°C	caspase-3/9 ↓, bcl-2 ↑, bax ↓
Shuja et al. [19]	Experimental study (rat cardiac tissue)	Hemorrhage	15°C	bcl-2 ↑
Xiong et al. [20]	Experimental study (rat neurons)	Ischemia	32-33°C	caspase-3 ↓, bcl-2 ↑

*Human umbilical vein endothelial cells.