| | Induction | Synthesis | Effects |
| TNF-α | hemorrhage, hypoxia, | macrophages, monocytes, | primary, proinflammatory cytokine | | ischemia, endotoxine | T-lymphocytes | IL-1β and IL-6 expression | | | | activation of coagulation | | | | prostaglandine E2, steroid release | IL-1β | hemorrhage, hypoxia, | macrophages, monocytes, | primary, pro-inflammatory cytokine | | ischemia, endotoxine | endothelial cells | Synergistic effects with TNF-α | | C5a, TNF-α | | | IL-6 | LPS, IL-1β, TNF-α | T-/B-lymphocytes, | Secondary, pro-inflammatory cytokine | | | monocytes, endothelial cells | induction of acute phase proteins (e.g., CRP, PCT) | | | | differentiation of lymphocytes | | | | activation of von NK-cells and neutrophils | | | | anti-inflammatory effect (IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓) | IL-8 | IL-1β, TNF-α, bacteria, | T-lymphocytes, monocytes, | Secondary, pro-inflammatory cytokine | | LPS, hypoxia | neutrophils, endothelial cells | chemotactic effect on leukocytes | IL-10 | TNF-α, IL-1β, endotoxine, | T-/B-lymphocytes, | anti-inflammatory cytokine | | LPS, prostaglandine E2 | monocytes, macrophages | |
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