In insulin resistance and early type 2 diabetes insulin levels are increased in circulation. C-peptide levels in blood are increased in equimolar concentration with insulin. C-peptide deposits in subendothelial place in the vessel wall. Deposition is followed by chemotactic effect of C-peptide on the inflammatory cells. It induces migration of monocyte/macrophages and T lymphocytes into the vessel wall. C-peptide has also an effect on the proliferation of smooth muscle cells from the media.