Innate Immune Cells in Liver Inflammation

Table 1

Toll-like receptors and their ligands, target microbes, and effector molecules are described.

TLRs	Ligands	Target microbes	Effector molecules
TLR1	Triacyl lipopeptides	Mycobacteria	Inflammatory cytokines
TLR2	Peptidoglycans,; Lipoprotein; Zymosan	G+ bacteria; Mycobacteria; Yeast/other fungi	Inflammatory cytokines
TLR3	Viral double stranded RNA	Viruses	IFN𝛽
TLR4	LPS	Gram-negative bacteria	IFN𝛽; Inflammatory cytokines
TLR5	Flagellin	Bacteria	Inflammatory cytokines
TLR6	Yeast zymosan; Diacyl lipopeptides	Mycobacteria; Yeasts and Fungi	Inflammatory cytokines
TLR7/8	Viral Single-stranded RNA	Viruses	IFN𝛼
TLR9	Bacterial and viral CpG; DNA	Bacteria/virus	IFN𝛼; Inflammatory cytokines