Cytokines and Chemokines as Biomarkers of Community-Acquired Bacterial Infection
Table 3
Serum cytokine and chemokine levels.
Analyte (pg/mL)
Bacterial infection ()
Viral infection ()
Control subjects ()
value
IL-1Ra
15,868 ± 12,697*
4,090 ± 5,543
2,376 ± 2,563
<0.001
IL-2
22.2 ± 9.3*
11.2 ± 8.5
11,3 ± 7.2
0.002
IL-4
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.t.
IL-6
237.4 ± 408.6*
n.d.
n.d.
<0.001
IL-8
49.3 ± 75.1
12.5 ± 15.2
12.1 ± 15.7
n.s.
TNF-
20.7 ± 17.1*
3.0 ± 5.2
3.6 ± 8.1
<0.001
MCP-1
853.3 ± 1,175#
156.6 ± 104.4
223.3 ± 88.7
0.007
MIP-1
222.1 ± 374.7+
56.0 ± 37.4
53.4 ± 26.4
0.005
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation; n.d.: not detected; n.s.: not significant; n.t.: not tested; *, bacterial versus viral infection and control; #, bacterial infection versus viral infection only; +, bacterial versus control only.
