Role of Neuroinflammation in Adult Neurogenesis and Alzheimer Disease: Therapeutic Approaches

Table 1

Effects of different cytokines on neurogenesis.

Cytokine	Effects on neurogenesis	References
IL-1α	Increased astrocyte lineage	[41]
IL-1β	Stimulation of NPCs proliferation and differentiation; Decreased proliferation, survival, and neuronal differentiation; Increased astrocyte differentiation	[42]; [43]; [44]
IL-4	Increased oligodendrogenesis	[45]
IL-6	Decreased proliferation, survival, and neuronal differentiation	[46]; [47]; [48]; [49]
	Differentiation of NSC to neuronal lineages
	Increased neurogenesis
IL-10	Increased proliferation	[50]; [51]
IL-18	Decreased survival; Increased neuronal differentiation	[52]
IFN-γ	Decreased proliferation and survival of multipotent progenitors; Promotion of differentiation and neurite outgrowth	[53]; [54]; [55]
CCL11 (eotaxin-1)	Decreased Sox-2 progenitors, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation	[28]
CX3CL1 (fractalkine)	Decreased neurogenesis	[56]
GM-CSF	Stimulation of NPCs differentiation	[57]
G-CSF	Promotes NPCs differentiation	[27]
TGF-β	Decreased proliferation; Increased survival and neural differentiation	[58]; [59]; [60]