Aged Garlic Extract Improves Adiponectin Levels in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Crossover Study

Table 2

Change differences in the anthropometrical measurements, endothelial function, and biochemical characteristics in the crossover analysis.

Parameters	AGE	Placebo	𝑃 value
	Change differences; (𝑛=43)	Change differences; (𝑛=43)
SBP (mm Hg)	−2.59±1.91	−1.72±1.60	0.727*
DBP (mm Hg)	−1.07±1.32	−0.31±1.17	0.670*
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.01±0.21	−0.11±0.17	0.952^#
WC (cm)	−0.99±0.47	0.32±0.50	0.062*
HC (cm)	−0.91±0.39	−0.39±0.58	0.462^#
WHR	−0.001±0.004	−0.005±0.005	0.358*
Glucose (mg/dL)	2.04±1.68	3.46±1.87	0.766^#
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	−4.41±4.47	6.0±4.27	0.172^#
LDL-C (mg/dL)	3.94±5.32	6.51±4.46	0.869^#
HDL-C (mg/dL)	−1.64±0.86	−1.16±0.69	0.911^#
TG (mg/dL)	−18.76±12.42	−3.98±13.84	0.453^#
CRP (mg/L)	0.21±0.85	0.07±0.77	0.976^#
IL-6 (units/mL)	0.08±0.16	0.01±0.18	0.682 ^#
Adiponectin (ng/mL)	313.79±179.44	−271.88±187.18	0.027^*Ψ
Leptin (ng/mL)	−1.67±1.68	−0.79±1.26	0.993^#
Insulin (μU/mL)	−2.94±2.60	2.26±1.38	0.269^#
HOMA index	−0.67±0.70	0.67±0.34	0.142^#
FMV (%)	−0.81±5.09	−1.34±9.78	0.836*

SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; HC: hip circumference; WHR: waist-hip ratio; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: interleukin 6; FMV: flow-mediated vasodilatation. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. *AGE group versus placebo group with Student’s 𝑡-test. ^#AGE group versus placebo group with Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. ^Ψ𝑃<0.05.