The Causative Pathogen Determines the Inflammatory Profile in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Outcome in Patients with Bacterial Meningitis
Table 2
CSF inflammatory parameters of patients infected with SP (), NM (), and Hib ().
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenzae
Kruskal-Wallis
Between group significance
Median (min.–max.) (pg/mL)
Median (min.–max.) (pg/mL)
Median (min.–max.) (pg/mL)
IL-1β
116.2 (1.79–1040)
23.01 (0.61–325.9)
13.3 (0.77–112.5)
0.069
(b)
IL-2
3.28 (0.38–19.81)
1.41 (0.38–25.69)
1.6 (0.18–3.83)
ns
IL-6
106232 (4440–175553)
93316 (5917–162002)
23257 (3917–112594)
0.0551
(b)
IL-10
7515 (509.5–44609)
18604 (1883–217931)
12692 (1466–135980)
ns
IL-1RA
103123 (4413–983243)
243089 (3183–639929)
216530 (7712–1301000)
ns
TNF-α
233.8 (34.85–1199)
318.2 (17.6–3390)
170.3 (43.63–1395)
ns
IFN-γ
58.99 (8.03–2853)
8.94 (1.77–219.8)
8.62 (0.42–20.03)
<0.01
(a), (b)
MCP-1
10109 (1691–23567)
1896 (309.8–40005)
2059 (411.4–3897)
<0.04
(a), (b)
MIP-1α
829.1 (30.75–3828)
1469 (133.8–27027)
1152 (135.6–12782)
ns
MIP-1β
3344 (575.8–7518)
3263 (530.7–90852)
2563 (1364–22695)
ns
TGF-α
73.4 (16.36–302.3)
65.26 (10.3–146.5)
43.23 (27.52–305.2)
ns
MMP-9
1.51 × 106 (275632–4.5 × 106)
525821 (1877–5.32 × 106)
334058 (12440–2.006 × 106)
<0.03
(a), (b)
WBC
7020 (100–64000)
4900 (100–38560)
5540 (272–20000)
ns
Nitrite/nitrate*
19.8 (9.5–104)
37 (19.24–124.1)
21.36 (4.533–41.5)
0.059
(c)
The nitrite/nitrate concentration (NO) was determined in a subset of CSFs, due to limitations in the available sample volumes (Hib , SP = 8, and NM = 12). The column entitled “Between group significance” describes statistical significance between groups as determined by Mann-Whitney test, for the following comparisons (a) SP versus NM, (b) SP versus Hib, and (c) NM versus Hib.