Review Article
Adipo-Myokines: Two Sides of the Same Coin—Mediators of Inflammation and Mediators of Exercise
Table 2
Overview of selected adipo-myokines which are associated with obesity and insulin resistance.
| Adipo-Myokine | Associated with obesity | Associated with insulin resistance/T2D | Associated with improved glucose metabolism |
| IL-6 | ✓ Plasma IL-6 is positively related to fat mass [175], elevated in type 2 diabetics [90, 94] | ✓ IL-6 promotes insulin resistance [91, 98, 99] | ✓ Insulin-sensitizing effect on skeletal muscle [102, 104] increases whole body fat oxidation [109] |
| IL-7 | ? Increased mRNA level in omental adipose tissue [139] although mice overexpressing IL-7 have reduced adipose tissue mass [177] | n.d. | n.d. |
| IL-8 | ✓ Higher expression in visceral adipose tissue in type 2 diabetics and insulin resistant subjects [91, 178] | ✓ IL-8 plasma levels correlate with measures of insulin resistance [97, 179] | n.d. |
| MCP-1 | ✓ Serum MCP-1 is increased in obesity [129] | ✓ Promotes insulin resistance [12, 129] | n.d. |
| PEDF | ✓ PEDF serum levels increased in obesity [180, 181] | ✓ PEDF serum levels associated with insulin resistance [180–183], PEDF promotes insulin resistance [141] | n.d. |
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✓: association has been shown in indicated publications; ✓: contradictory data published; n.d.: not described.
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