Pre- and Posttherapy Assessment of Intestinal Soluble Mediators in IBD: Where We Stand and Future Perspectives

Table 1

Effects of therapeutic strategies in IBD patients.

(a) Crohn disease

Treatment	5-ASA	Corticosteroids	AZA; CsA	IFX	ADA
Method	HPLC; ELISA; RT-PCR	ELISA; RT-PCR	ELISA; RT-PCR	ELISA; RT-PCR	ELISA; RT-PCR
Target	Protein; nucleic acid	Protein; nucleic acid	Protein; nucleic acid	Protein; nucleic acid	Protein; nucleic acid
Major; findings	↓IL-1beta	↑lipocortin 1	↑T-cells apoptosis	CD40,CD40L, and VCAM-1	=TNF-𝛼 and IL-17A
	↓TNF-𝛼, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8	↑IkBa	↓Rac1	↑T-cells apoptosis	↓IL23, IFN-𝛾, and IL-10
	↓ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and MAdCAM-1	↓NF-𝜅B	↓(MEK), bcl-x(L)	↑CD4 + CD25highFoxp3+ T cells
	↓NF-𝜅B	↓MMP-9, MMP-26, TIMP-1 and TIMP-3	↓NF-𝜅B	↑Plasma TNF-α
	↑PPAR-g	↓ IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α	↑G2 cell cycle arrest	↓SerumIL-6
	↓LTB4	↓Intestinal epithelial cell migration and proliferation	↓Calcineurin activation	= IL-23, IL-17A, and INF-𝛾
	↓PGE2	↑Neutrophil survival	↓NFAT
		↓hGC	↓IL-2
References	[32, 34–50]	[54–68]	[69–72]	[73–78]	[79]

(b) Ulcerative colitis

Treatment	5-ASA	Corticosteroids	AZA; CsA	IFX	ADA
Method	HPLC; ELISA; RT-PCR	ELISA; RT-PCR	ELISA; RT-PCR	ELISA; RT-PCR	IHC;ELISA; RT-PCR
Target	Protein; nucleic acid	Protein; nucleic acid	Protein; nucleic acid	Protein; nucleic acid	Protein; nucleic acid
Major; findings	↓IL-1beta	↑lipocortin 1	↑T-cells apoptosis	CD40,CD40L, and VCAM-1	=TNF-𝛼 and IL-17A
	↓TNF-𝛼, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8	↑I𝜅Ba	↑G2 cell cycle arrest	↑T-cells apoptosis	↓IL23, IFN-𝛾, and IL-10
	↓ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and MAdCAM-1	↓NF-kB	↓Calcineurin activation	↑CD4 + CD25highFoxp3 + T cells	↑Notch-1
	↓NF-𝜅B	↓ IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α	↓NFAT	↓TNF-𝛼 and IFN-g m-RNA
	↑PPAR-g	↓Intestinal epithelial cell migration and proliferation	↓IL-2	= IL-10 and IL-4 mRNA
	↓LTB4	↑Neutrophil survival
	↓PGE2	↓hGC
References	[32, 34–50]	[54–68]	[69–72]	[80–82]	[79, 83]