Immunomodulation in Sepsis: The Role of Endotoxin Removal by Polymyxin B-Immobilized Cartridge

<table>Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses to endotoxin. Red asterisk: immunological mechanisms described for Polymyxin-B hemoperfusion in this review; TLR: toll-like receptor; IL: interleukin; T<sub>reg</sub>: T regulatory lymphocytes; TNF<i>α</i>: tumor necrosis factor alpha; HMGB1: high mobility group box protein 1; PAF: platelet activator factors; PAI: plasminogen activator inhibitor; ALI: acute lung injury.</table>

Mediators of Inflammation

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Immunomodulation in Sepsis: The Role of Endotoxin Removal by Polymyxin B-Immobilized Cartridge 