GM-CSF Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity on Endothelial Cells Derived from Chronic Venous Disease Patients
Figure 4
GM-CSF treatment downmodulates the TNF-α induced expression of the proinflammatory marker OPG. VEC were left untreated or pretreated for 1 hour with GM-CSF (20 ng/mL) before addition of TNF-α (5 ng/mL). OPG expression was analyzed after 24 hours of TNF-α stimulation. In (a), the release of OPG in supernatants of VEC cultures treated as indicated was analyzed by ELISA. Results are expressed as means + SD of result from 4 independent VEC cultures. *. In (b), the expression levels of OPG in VEC cultures treated as indicated were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Results from amplifications, done in duplicate, are expressed as fold of untreated cells (set to 1), after normalization for the housekeeping gene. *.
