Research Article

Radical Scavenging Activity-Based and AP-1-Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lutein in Macrophage-Like and Skin Keratinocytic Cells

Figure 2

The effect of lutein on the expression of IL-6, COX-2, and MMP-9 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, IFN-γ/TNF-α-treated HaCaT cells, and UV-irradiated HaCaT cells. (a) The level of IL-6 mRNA in RAW264.7 cells treated with lutein (0 to 30 μM) in the presence or absence of LPS (1 μg/mL) for 6 h was determined by real-time quantitative (right panel) or semiquantitative (left panel) RT-PCR. (b) The level of COX-2 mRNA in RAW264.7 cells treated with lutein (0 to 40 μM) in the presence or absence of IFN-γ (20 ng/mL)/TNF-α (20 ng/mL) for 6 h was determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. (c) The level of MMP-9 in HaCaT cells treated with lutein and UV-irradiated for 27.5 s was determined by immunoblotting analysis. (d) The viability of HaCaT cells was determined by MTT assays. and compared to the control.
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