Inflammatory Signalings Involved in Airway and Pulmonary Diseases

Figure 2

The signaling pathways in airway and pulmonary inflammation. Various stimuli, such as mitogens, growth factors, virus infection, cytokines, and bacterial infection, can induce inflammation via the NADPH oxidase/ROS, PKCs, c-Src, EGFR, PDGFR, PI3K/Akt, and MAPKs pathways and the transcription factors, such as NF-κB and AP-1 in lung resident cells.