Activation of TRPV1 Prevents OxLDL-Induced Lipid Accumulation and TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Macrophages: Role of Liver X Receptor α
Figure 3
Activation of TRPV1 by agonists alleviates oxLDL-induced foam-cell formation.Cells were incubated with vehicle (DMSO), evodiamine (0.5 μM), capsaicin (10 μM), or capsazepine (10 μM) with or without oxLDL (50 μg/mL). (a) Representative microscopy images of cells with intracellular lipids stained by Oil-red O. Hematoxylin was used as counterstaining. Magnification = 400 x. ((b) and (c)) Intracellular levels of cholesterol (b) and triglycerides (c) were extracted by use of hexane/isopropanol (3/2, v/v) and analyzed by colorimetric assay kits. Data are mean ± SD from 5 independent experiments. * versus vehicle-treated cells, # versus oxLDL-treated cells.
