Increased Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Table 1

Association analysis of anticardiolipin, β2-glycoprotein 1, and antiphosphoserine with behavioral outcome measures as assessed by the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) using Spearman's rank correlations demonstrated that there were significant correlations between anti-phospholipid antibody levels and the severity of impairments in behavior in participants enrolled in this study. For the ABC, a higher score corresponds to more behavioral impairments. For the MSEL and VABS, a lower score corresponds to increased cognitive and adaptive impairments.

Autoantibody profile	Cardiolipin		𝛽2-Glycoprotein 1		Phosphoserine
	𝑃 value	𝑟	𝑃 value	𝑟	𝑃 value	𝑟
Aberrant Behavior Checklist
Subscale I: irritability	<0.001	0.368	0.001	0.343	0.002	0.312
Subscale II: lethargy	0.001	0.334	<0.001	0.406	0.001	0.317
Subscale III: stereotypy	0.002	0.309	<0.001	0.421	0.002	0.309
Subscale IV: hyperactivity	0.010	0.257	0.001	0.343	0.040	0.206
Subscale V: inappropriate speech	0.409	0.084	0.010	0.258	0.865	0.017
Subscale VI: moods	<0.001	0.345	<0.001	0.346	0.002	0.303
Mullen Scales of Early Learning
Visual reception	0.031	−0.206	0.002	−0.291	0.042	−0.195
Fine motor	0.004	−0.272	0.002	−0.292	0.002	−0.300
Receptive language	0.009	−0.249	<0.001	−0.356	0.003	−0.286
Expressive language	0.004	−0.271	<0.001	−0.350	0.007	−0.257
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
Communication	0.011	−0.244	0.003	−0.284	0.001	−0.324
Daily living skills	0.047	−0.190	0.007	−0.255	0.014	−0.234
Socialization	0.022	−0.219	0.002	−0.289	0.002	−0.287
Motor skills	0.088	−0.164	0.127	−0.147	0.014	−0.236