Apoptosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes: Possible Roles of Nitric Oxide and the Thioredoxin 1
Figure 2
The proposed mechanism for the formation of hyper-S-nitrosylation of caspase-3. Under nitrosative stress, Trx1-S2 can be nitrosylated to SNO-Trx1-S2, which further transnitrosylates caspase-3 to SNO-caspase-3. Both SNO-caspase-3 and SNO-Trx1-S2 may become insufficiently denitrosylated by GSH and Trx1-(SH)2 due to their depletion under the oxidative stress in RA-FLS, which further enhances the accumulation of SNO-caspase-3 and SNO-Trx1-S2.
