The gut microbiota is modulated by metabolic derangement, such as nutrition overload and obesity, which promote a cluster of metabolic disease-associated processes that culminate in bacterial products and whole bacteria translocation to the circulation through increased intestinal permeability caused by a reduction in tight junction expression. This triggers an immune response, inflammation, and immune cell infiltration of liver and adipose tissue. It induces insulin resistance in various tissues by diverse mechanisms and food intake deregulation in the hypothalamus promoted by the insulin and leptin resistance and also inhibited expression of gut-secreted anorectic hormones, such as GLP-1 and PYY. Additionally, there is a reduction in the intestinal Fiaf expression mediated by bacteria that deregulate the fat storage and lipid metabolism favoring the obese phenotype.