Lipoprotein Lipase and PPAR Alpha Gene Polymorphisms, Increased Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels, and Decreased High-Density Lipoprotein Levels as Risk Markers for the Development of Visceral Leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum
Table 3
Levels of lipids (mg/dL) according to genotypes and alleles of LPL and of apoE in individuals exposed to Leishmania infantum.
Polymorphisms
Age
Lipids (mg/dL)
TCa
LDL-Ca
HDL-Ca
TAGa
VLDL-Ca
HindIII
Genotypes
H+/H+
22.6 ± 15.4
150.8 ± 42.2
91.0 ± 44.0
38.1 ± 5.6
207.6 ± 82.7
41.5 ± 16.5
H+/H−
22.1 ± 18.2
138.8 ± 34.8
77.4 ± 35.6
41.9 ± 6.4
157.9 ± 52.8
31.6 ± 10.5
value#
0.914
0.274
0.228
0.037
0.011
0.010
Alleles
H+
22.4 ± 16.6
145.3 ± 38.8
84.7 ± 40.3
39.9 ± 6.2
184.5 ± 73.6
36.9 ± 14.6
H−
22.7 ± 17.5
135.2 ± 34.7
74.4 ± 34.7
42.5 ± 6.3
154.5 ± 50.8
30.9 ± 10.1
value#
0.919
0.187
0.191
0.040
0.029
0.029
PvuII
Genotypes
P1/P1
22.4 ± 14.0
24.6 ± 16.7
81.7 ± 37.1
40.0 ± 4.7
159.4 ± 50.9
31.9 ± 10.1
P1/P2
24.6 ± 16.7
141.8 ± 38.7
84.3 ± 39.7
39.9 ± 6.3
173.0 ± 77.7
34.6 ± 15.5
P2/P2
16.5 ± 17.8
132.8 ± 40.3
71.7 ± 28.8
41.5 ± 5.7
230.5 ± 89.0
46.0 ± 17.6
0.622
0.878
0.828
0.878
0.217
0.220
Alleles
P1
23.5 ± 15.1
142.8 ± 36.5
82.9 ± 37.7
40.0 ± 5.4
165.8 ± 64.4
165.8 ± 64.4
P2
22.8 ± 16.7
139.7 ± 38.1
81.4 ± 37.1
40.3 ± 6.1
186.1 ± 81.4
37.2 ± 16.2
value#
0.840
0.706
0.853
0.793
0.188
0.191
apoE
Genotypes
E2/E3
23.7 ± 14.3
120.0 ± 36.2
65.7 ± 30.4
41.7 ± 7.8
275.3 ±
54.7 ± 22.7
E3/E3
19.1 ± 14.8
152.1 ± 40.1
91.5 ± 41.6
39.2 ± 5.8
166.9 ± 58.5
33.4 ± 11.6
E3/E4
35.5 ± 18.1
119.0 ± 11.9
65.7 ± 23.9
39.0 ± 3.0
177.3 ± 100.4
35.5 ± 19.9
0.068
0.069
0.205
0.692
0.026
0.028
Alleles
E2
23.7 ± 14.3
120.0 ± 36.2
65.7 ± 30.4
41.7 ± 7.8
275.3 ±
54.7 ±
E3
20.8 ± 15.5
147.3 ±
87.7 ± 40.2
39.2 ± 5.7
174.2 ± 69.6
34.8 ± 13.8
E4
32.1 ± 16.5
113.0 ± 15.0
59.5 ± 23.2
38.7 ± 2.6
165.5 ± 87.7
33.1 ± 17.4
0.152
0.029
0.099
0.661
0.029
0.031
PPAR
Genotypes
Leu/Leu
26.7 ± 17.6
137.9 ± 39.7
78.2 ± 38.8
40.9 ± 6.5
173.2 ± 81.2
34.6 ± 16.2
Leu/Val
23.1 ± 18.3
146.9 ± 32.6
83.3 ± 31.1
40.3 ± 5.7
166.1 ± 35.7
33.4 ± 6.9
value#
0.589
0.545
0.728
0.794
0.809
0.830
Alleles
Leu
26.5 ± 17.5
138.5 ± 39.0
78.6 ± 38.1
40.8 ± 6.4
172.7 ± 78.5
34.5 ± 15.6
Val
23.1 ± 18.3
146.9 ± 32.6
83.3 ± 31.1
40.3 ± 5.7
166.1 ± 35.7
33.4 ± 6.9
value#
0.599
0.555
0.735
0.798
0.814
0.834
All values are expressed as the mean ± SD in individuals exposed to Leishmania chagasi.
avalues in mg/dL. value analyzed by Student -test; §P value analyzed by ANOVA test with the Student Newman-Keuls posttest. In relation to genotypes: versus E3/E3; versus E3/E4. In relation to alleles: versus E3; versus E4; versus E2. H−/H− did not have sufficient number to be analyzed . Age = 28.0 ± 12.7; TC = 105.0 ± 14.1; LDL-C = 50.0 ± 7.1; HDL-C = 47.5 ± 2.1; TAG = 126.5 ± 9.2; VLDL-C = 25.5 ± 2.1. E4/E4 did not have sufficient number to be analyzed . Age = 22.0; TC = 95.0; LDL-C = 41.0; HDL-C = 38.0; TAG = 130.0; VLDL = 26.0. H+ indicates presence and H− indicates absence of the HindIII restriction site. P1 indicates absence and P2 indicates presence of the PvuII restriction site. Note: Apo E polymorphism results in six genotypes ranking (E2/E2, E2/E3, E2/E4, E3/E3, E3/E4, and E4/E4) and three alleles (E2, E3, and E4). Bold text indicates statistically significant differences.
