MSC source Type of AKI model Route of MSC delivery Main mechanism Reference Rat BM-MSCs 40 min bilateral IRI Intra-aortic delivery via left carotid artery
↓IL-1
, TNF-
, IFN-
, iNOS in kidney [18 ] ↑IL-10, bFGF, TGF-a in kidney Human BM-MSCs Cisplatin-induced kidney injury i.p. injection
↓MIP-2, KC, CCL-2, IFN-
, IL-6 in serum [19 ] ↑P-Akt in kidney Mouse BM-MSCs Sepsis-associated AKI. Tail vein
↓IL-17, IL-6, IFN-
, TNF-
CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CCL2, CCL3 in kidney [20 ] ↑IL-10 in kidney Mouse AD-MSCs 45 min unilateral IRI Tail vein
↓CCL3, IL-1b, CCL5, CXCL-10, IL-17 in serum; [21 ]
↓CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, KC in kidney Rat fetal membrane MSCs (FM-MSCs) 60 min unilateral IRI Tail vein
↓infiltration of macrophages and T cells; ↓IL-6 and MCP-1 levels in kidney; [22 ] ↑IL-10 levels in serum Rat BM-MSCs 60 min bilateral IRI i.v. injection
↓IL-1
, IL-6, TNF-
in kidney [23 ] ↑IL-4 and IL-10 in kidney Human umbilical cord-MSCs 60 min bilateral IRI Intra-aortic delivery via left carotid artery
↓IL-1
, IL-6, TNF-
in kidney [24 ] Rat BM-MSCs 60 min bilateral IRI i.v. injection
↓IL-1
in kidney [25 ] ↑IL-4 in kidney Rat BM-MSCs Gentamicin-induced kidney injury i.v. injection
↓IL6, INF-
and TNF-
levels in serum [26 ] ↑IL-10 levels in serum Human Wharton’s jelly-MSCs 45 min unilateral IRI Tail vein ↑IL-10, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and HGF in kidney ↑p-Akt in kidney [27 ] Rat AD-MSCs 60 min bilateral IRI Intrarenal injection and intravenous injection
↓oxidative stress ↓inflammatory response ↓bcl-2, eNOS in kidney [28 ] ↑IL-10, TNF-
in kidney