Functional Roles of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Macrophage-Mediated Inflammatory Responses

Table 2

Plant extracts that inhibit the p38 signaling in macrophages.

Plant	Action target of p38	Reference
Archidendron  clypearia	Suppression of PGE2 production; amelioration of EtOH/HCl-induced gastritis	[28]
Scutellaria  baicalensis	Inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, IL-1𝛽, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-𝛼 expression	[118]
Phaseolus  angularis	Suppression of the release of PGE2 and NO; amelioration of EtOH/HCl-induced gastritis	[119]
Artemisia  vestita	Inhibition of TNF-𝛼 release; beneficial for the treatment of endotoxin shock or sepsis	[141]
Boswellia  serrata	Inhibition of TNF-𝛼, IL-1𝛽, and IL-6	[142]
Hibiscus  sabdariffa	Suppression of nitrite, PGE2 release, and hepatic inflammation	[143]
Clinopodium  vulgare	Suppression of NO production; MMP-9 activation	[144]
Eriobotryae  folium	Suppression of LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production	[145]
Elaeocarpus  petiolatus	Inhibition of the production of PGE2, TNF-𝛼, and IL-1𝛽	[146]
Polygonum  cuspidatum	Inhibition of IL-6, TNF-𝛼, NO, and PGE2	[147]
Ginkgo  biloba	Inhibition of LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression	[148]
Lycium  chinense	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO, PGE2, TNF-𝛼, and IL-6 production	[149]
Hopea  odorata	Inhibition of NO, PGE2, and TNF-𝛼 release; amelioration of gastritis and ear edema	[150]