Review Article
Functional Roles of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Macrophage-Mediated Inflammatory Responses
Table 3
Naturally occurring compounds that inhibit p38 signaling in macrophages.
| Compound | Action target of p38 | Reference |
| Sugiol | Inhibition of IL-1, TNF-, and ROS production | [151] | Quercetin | Inhibition of NO and TNF- | [114] | Ajoenes | Inhibition of NO, PGE2, TNF-, IL-1, and IL-6 production | [116] | Ginsan | Enhanced phagocytic activity; downregulation of TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, IFN-, and IL-18 | [152] | 4-Methoxyhonokiol | Inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression; inhibition of dye leakage and paw swelling | [153] | Schisandrin | Suppression of NO production and PGE2 release | [154] | Rengyolone | Inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression | [155] | Pseudocoptisine | Inhibition of proinflammatory mediators such as iNOS, COX-2, TNF-, and IL-6 | [156] | Mycoepoxydiene | Inhibition of LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators including TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, and NO | [157] | Britanin | Suppression of NO, PGE2, TNF-, IL-1, and IL-6 | [158] | Hyperin | Inhibition of NO production through suppression of iNOS expression | [159] | Carnosol | Inhibition of LPS-stimulated NO production; antioxidative activity | [160] |
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