Effect of Proinflammatory Cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) on Clinical Manifestations in Indian SLE Patients

Table 3

A meta-analysis of correlation between proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1) and disease activity.

Population (number of patients)	Cytokine	Patients	Controls	Disease activity		Correlation with SLEDAI	Reference
				Active	Inactive
Indian^a (145)	IL-6	63.00 ± 67.28	14.13 ± 8.61	70.45 ± 68.32	43.83 ± 63.36	,	Present study
	TNF-α	40.17 ± 40.46	17.35 ± 9.32	44.76 ± 68.32	25.97 ± 22.03	,
	IL-1β	11.48 ± 9.97	7.89 ± 3.65	13.21 ± 10.76	6.23 ± 3.27	,
Caucasian^b (40)	TNF-α	12.63 (7.53–21.04)	2.27 (1.77–3.18)	—	—	,	[22]
	IL-1β	2.8 (0.7–2.03)	0.98 (0.72–1.49)	—	—	,
Brazilian^c (60)	TNF-α	2.18 (0.18–11.17)	1.30 (0.25–12.53)	—	—	,	[23]
	IL-6	1.5 (0.22–13.98)	0.98 (0.39–13.29)	—	—	No correlation
Korean^d (166)	IL-6	0 (0, 3.8)	0 (0, 0)	3.3 (0, 12.2)	0 (0, 2.7)	,	[24]
Egyptian^a (40)	TNF-α	—	—	766.95 ± 357.82	314.01 ± 100.87		[7]
	IL-6	—	—	135.4 ± 54.23	47.33 ± 18.61
Multiethnic^e (171)	IL-6	1.64 (0.05)	1.03 (0.03)	—	—	—	[25]
Swedish^f (52)	IL-6	23.7 (<13.5–156)	<13.5 (<13.5–29)	—	—	—	[26]

: correlation coefficient. ^aMean ± SD, value <0.05 (unpaired -test). ^bMedian (interquartiles Q1–Q3), value = 0.001 (Mann-Whitney test). ^cMedian (range), value <0.01. ^dMedian (25th percentile, 75th percentile), value <0.001. ^eWhite, Afro-Caribbean, South Asian, Chinese, and others, mean (standard error in the mean level), value <0.01. ^fIL-6 levels in sera measured by bioassay, median (range), value <0.0005.