Mediators of Inflammation

Review Article

Interleukin-33 and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Lessons from Human Studies

Table 3

Studies evaluating the IL-33 receptor ST2 in inflammatory bowel diseases using human samples are listed chronologically with data regarding the assessed disease, method of analysis, and main results.


ST2	Disease	Sample	Method	Results	Localization

Pastorelli et al., [16] (2010)	UC CD	Colonic biopsies	qPCR WB	↑Total ST2 mRNA levels were observed in active UC with specific abundance of sST2. No significant changes were detected for ST2L	NA
		Surgical specimens	IHC	↑ST2 staining was observed in inflamed UC. ↓Intense but similar pattern was observed in CD.	In inflamed UC, ST2 was limited to the LP in infiltrating macrophages and lymphocytes. In controls, the primary source for ST2 was the epithelium
		IEC isolated from surgical specimens	qPCR WB	↓Total ST2 mRNA in UC versus controls while significant variability was found in CD. ↑ST2L in controls. ↑sST2 in IBD in general.	Epithelial loss of ST2 during inflammation is characteristic of IBD due to a decrease in ST2L.
		Serum	ELISA	↑circulating sST2 levels were found in both UC and CD versus controls	NA

Beltrán et al., [18] (2010)	UC CD	Serum	ELISA WB	↑ST2 in IBD versus controls. Active UC > remission	NA
Beltrán et al., [18] (2010)	UC CD	Colonic biopsies	ELISA WB IF	↑ST2s mRNA was observed in active UC versus CD and controls. In WB, ST2s was only detected in UC. ST2s/ST2L expression was ↑ in active UC. ↑ST2 is due to ↑ST2s expression	Observed loss of ST2 staining in the epithelium in UC patients with strong expression observed in the cytoplasm and in the apical surface of crypt epithelial cells

Sedhom et al., [20] (2012)	UC CD	Surgical specimens	IHC	ST2 staining was found in the mucosa of UC and CD and in controls	ST2 is expressed by colonocytes and its expression is barely detectable among leukocytes in the lamina propria. Subepithelial infiltrates contained many ST2-positive cells in either active or nonactive IBD

qRT-PCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction, IF: immunofluorescence, IHC: immunohistochemistry, WB: western blot, LPMC: lamina propria mononuclear cells, IEC: intestinal epithelial cells, (↑) increase, (↓) decrease, and (NA) nonapplicable.