Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Low Disease Activity because of Anti-TNF-Alpha Therapy Have Higher TRAIL Levels Than Controls: A Potential Compensatory Effect

Table 1

Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of 30 patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Variable	𝑛 (%)
Mean age (years) ± SD
At the time of study	50.47±14.85
At the time of onset of symptoms	28.23±10.40
Delay to the diagnosis (years) ± SD	11.48±9.01
Men/women	21 (70)/9 (30)
Mean disease duration (years) ± SD*	21.97±13.16
History of classic cardiovascular risk factors
Hypertension (𝑛=30)	12 (40)
Dyslipidemia (𝑛=30)	11 (36.67)
Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m^2) (𝑛=30)	3 (10.00)
Current smokers (𝑛=30)	13 (43.33)
Mean blood pressure (mm Hg) ± SD*
Systolic	123.17±18.17
Diastolic	75.67±12.51
Mean body mass index (kg/m^2) ± SD	26.70±3.26
Mean BASDAI ± SD*	2.94±2.11
Mean VAS ± SD*	31.13±24.23
Hip involvement, 𝑛 (%) (𝑛=30)	6 (20)
Synovitis and/or enthesitis in other peripheral joints, 𝑛 (%) (𝑛=27)	11 (36.67)
Anterior uveitis, 𝑛 (%) (𝑛=30)	6 (20.00)
Syndesmophytes, 𝑛 (%) (𝑛=30)	10 (33.33)
Mean CRP (mg/L) ± SD**
At the time of disease diagnosis	24.01±33.43
At the time of study	6.24±8.65
Mean ESR (mm/1st hour) ± SD***
At the time of disease diagnosis	30.10±28.23
At the time of study	19.00±15.18
Mean cholesterol or triglycerides (mg/dL) ± SD*
Total cholesterol	199.10±30.61
HDL cholesterol	53.17±12.81
LDL cholesterol	126.77±26.54
Triglycerides	93.97±56.70
Mean fasting serum glucose (mg/dL) ± SD*	92.77±8.63
HLA-B27 positive (𝑛=27)	20 (74.07)

∗At the time of the study. ∗∗Normal value <5 mg/L. ∗∗∗Normal value <20 mm/1st hour.
BASDAI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; BMI: body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; SD: standard deviation; VAS: visual analogue scale.